The advent of new military technologies can lead to an unprecedented increase in military capabilities and the threat of a new era of conflict. The use of killer robots and lethal autonomous weapons as well as biotechnologies is raising concerns and threatening international relations. Most of these technologies are not yet regulated by any international agreement, and the U.S. withdrawal from the INF Treaty threatens to undermine the New START Treaty. Some experts fear that these new weapons systems will lead to a breakdown of the current arms control regime. Many fear these new technologies could be dangerous to world peace. Others worry they might lead to an increase in international militarization.
Artificial intelligence
The Pentagon has been trying to harness AI for new military technologies. But many companies have concerns about the military using such technology. Google pulled out of Project Maven (2018), which was to develop image recognition systems for drones. The controversy caused heated debate and led to many prominent AI researchers promising never to work with lethal AI.
Synthetic biology
Synthetic biology has already been used in military applications. Synthetic biology research, for example, has been placed among the top ten priorities of the Army Research Laboratory. This is overseen by U.S Army Futures Command. The Office of Naval Research is also investigating the potential use of natural systems as inspiration for new military technology. The Office of Naval Research is studying the possibility of using biology to create new materials, sensors and devices. It also aims to develop new power strategies for service.
Gene editing
Genomics, biotechnology, and other technologies can be used in a number of military applications. These include the design of military genomics. This new technology depends on the ability edit gene orders and structures. The new protein structure and gene orders are very similar to a lock with the key only being held by the developer. Because many genes in humans are vulnerable to attack, gene editing could be used for military purposes.
Additive manufacturing
The United States Army seeks to expand its range of advanced technologies with additive manufacturing (AM). The Department of Defense created a roadmap for the military to explore this technology in early 2016. This plan focuses primarily on increasing efficiency in the military's logistics processes and material readiness.
Small quadcopter drones
The U.S. Army is working on new military technologies involving drones. Cluster UAS Smartmunition for Missile Delivery, also known as the Cluster UAS Smart munition for Missile Deceleration, is one example. This new technology will require drones to be much cheaper than existing weapons and systems.
System of rocket artillery with high mobility
The United States recently approved the sale of the High Mobility Rocket Artillery System (HIMARS) to Romania. This multi-stage rocket launching system can carry missiles up to 50 kilometers in range. The system includes all the equipment and support necessary to operate it.